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In Vitro Study on the Intaglio Surface Accuracy of 3D-Printed Hybrid Resin-Ceramic Crowns, Veneers, and Onlays
Author:
Recently, the research team led by Alexey Unkovskiy published a study in the Journal of Dentistry titled “Accuracy of the intaglio surface of 3D-printed hybrid resin-ceramic crowns, veneers and table-tops: An in vitro study.” The study aims to investigate the effect of build orientation on the accuracy (trueness and precision) of 3D-printed crowns, onlays, and veneers.
Original article: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0300571224001301
Research Content：
In recent years, additive manufacturing (AM) has experienced remarkable growth in the medical field and has been gaining increasing importance in dentistry. Within this domain, 3D printing has been widely applied to the fabrication of various removable dental devices such as splints, surgical guides, and denture bases. However, there is limited data regarding the accuracy of AM for permanent restorations.
Among the specialized literature on this topic, only four studies have been identified, and these focused solely on examining the accuracy of crowns, without providing any data on more complex geometries such as veneers and onlays.
Dimensional accuracy should be considered a crucial factor for clinical success, as it can significantly affect the internal and marginal fit of prosthetic restorations. In the context of 3D printing, the build orientation represents an important parameter that may influence the accuracy of various dental components.
Experimental Setup：
Hybrid resin–ceramic crowns, onlays, and veneers were fabricated using DLP (Digital Light Processing) 3D printing technology at five different build orientations: 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°.
For the crown, onlay, and veneer groups, the mean and standard deviation of trueness, precision, as well as the average and maximum deviations (µm) were reported.
Accuracy at the five different build orientations. Letters indicate statistically significant differences between the printing directions.
Mean and maximum deviations of DLP-printed veneers at five different build orientations. Letters indicate statistically significant differences between the printing directions.
Color maps depicting the trueness of each restoration type: crowns, onlays, and veneers, according to build orientation. The minimum and maximum range was set to ±0.2 mm, with a tolerance of ±0.005 mm. Positive values (yellow–red) indicate convexity, while negative values indicate concavity.
Color maps illustrating the precision of each restoration type—crowns, onlays, and veneers—according to build orientation. The minimum and maximum range was set to ±0.2 mm, with a tolerance of ±0.005 mm. Positive values (yellow–red) represent convex regions, while negative values represent concave regions.
Conclusion
Within the limitations of this study, the following conclusions can be drawn:
①Regarding trueness, a 30° build orientation appears to be optimal for crowns and onlays. For veneers, all build orientations were acceptable except for the 90° orientation, which exhibited the lowest trueness and precision across all restoration types. When crowns were printed at 0°, the majority of potential interferences with the mold occurred on the concave occlusal surfaces.
②Regarding precision, 30° and 45° build orientations seem to be the most favorable for crowns and onlays. As the build orientation increases, the regions of maximum potential interference tend to shift toward the crown walls.
The above image shows zirconia crowns and veneers printed using Adventuretech’s independently developed DLP ceramic 3D printing system.
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