Industry New Knowledge | Technology, Performance and Application of Structural and Functional Ceramic 3D Printing (below)

Recientemente, el equipo dirigido por xiaongfu Wang de la Universidad de correos y telecomunicaciones de Nanjing publicó el título "journal of the European Ceramic society".Advances in 3D printing of structural and functional ceramics: Technologies, properties, and applications Investigación，A comprehensive overview of the cutting-edge applications of 3D printed structural-functional integrated ceramics. The challenges and directions for the future development of ceramic 3D printing are discussed, as well as the potential of 4D printing.

Original link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0955221924005090
Adventure Technology official website: http://www.adventuretech.cn/
If it cannot be opened, please copy the URL to the browser.
Due to space limitations, this article shows the application of ceramic 3D printing.

 

3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is different from traditional subtractive manufacturing.No need for mold production, simple, high precision, high cost-effectiveness advantages,MostMinimize energy consumption and promote recycling,For the preparationComplex structure and custom featuresThe advanced ceramics offer enormous possibilities.

3D printed advanced ceramics have been widely used in various fields such as aerospace, electronics, machinery, medical and energy due to their cost-effectiveness and ability to realize any desired structure and specific function.This section provides a comprehensive review of the cutting-edge applications of 3D printed ceramics in these fields.

Figure 1,(a) Image of complex Si/SiC structural components, including (I) optical mirrors, (ii) turbine disks, and (iii) topology. (B) Schematic diagram of thermo-reversible hydrogel extrusion of fibers with core-shell structure and long-fiber ceramic composites with improved fracture resistance. (c) (I) Fracture morphology of layered ceramics. (ii) SEM image of the fiber "pulled out. (iii) Stretching of the polymer. (iv) Debonding of the fiber-polymer interface. Scanning EM images of Vickers hardness imprints of SiCN composites reinforced with (I, ii)10 wt% Si3N4(p) and (iii,iv)10 wt% Si3N4(w) (d).

2 (a) EMA mechanism of PyC/Al2O3 ceramics with microchannels. (B) EMA mechanism of SiCnw/SiCw composite ceramics with a "wire-to-sphere" layered structure. (c) EMA mechanism of SiOC ceramics with a gyroscopic metamaterial structure. (D) Iron (5 wt%)/SiCN sample with gyro structure: (I) green body and (ii) after pyrolysis. (iii) Emergency response mechanisms.

3, (a) EWA mechanism of Al2O3/SiCnw/SiOC CMCs. (B) The green body of the booster blade and the cross-linked molecular structure of the new polysiloxane. (C) (I) Reflection loss of metamaterials with four structures (6 wt% CNFs). (ii)CNFs/SiBCN ceramic metamaterials. (D) The meta-structure (10 GHz, cross section) of Si(GaIn)BOC ceramics and the electric and magnetic field distribution of the EWA mechanism.

4, (a) barium titanate ceramics after sintering (top) and (bottom) encapsulation of different fine coarse particles: (I) 10:0,(ii)2:8 and (iii)0:10. (Iv) The output voltage of the piezoelectric sensor as a function of displacement. (B) BaTiO3/epoxy piezoelectric composite material with (I) octuid truss or (ii) gyroscope structure. (iii) Waveform of output signal. fi = 1 kHz, 3 kHz, and 5 kHz. (C) 3D printing (I) barium titanate ceramics and (ii) ultrasonic arrays. (iii) The waveform and spectral characteristics of the pulse echo signal of the focusing array. (D) (I) Backhanded negative Poisson's ratio structure and (ii) Hydrophones made of BaTiO3/epoxy cmc. (iii) Output voltage signal waveform.

5,(a) Green bodies of PZT ceramic (14 wt% water). (B) Three-dimensional printing of PZT ceramics with complex lattice structure. (I) timber pile structure,(ii) spiral icosahedral structure. (c) 3D printed PZT ceramic arrays with different complex structures. (I) circular array,(ii) rectangular array. (d) PZT ceramic parts with complex structure prepared by SLA.

△ Figure 6,(a) (I) Sintered silicon nitride ceramic,(ii) Schematic diagram of single crystal lattice structure. (B) Macroscopic structure of porous silicon nitride ceramics, (I) before binder removal,(ii) after binder removal,(iii) after sintering. (c) image of silicon nitride cell ceramics. The (d) stress-strain curve of the honeycomb sample is obtained by performing a compression test in the cell direction parallel to the (I) and perpendicular to the (ii) direction. The relative density of each sample is represented by a numerical number in the graph. (E) (I) Image and (ii) Compressive stress-strain behavior of silicon nitride ceramic honeycomb structure. (F) (I) Image and (ii) Compressive stress-strain behavior of silicon nitride ceramic lattice structure. (G) (I) Single-walled cone;(ii) Cross section and (iii) surface of cone. (H) (I) The green valve body of the finned AlN ceramic radiator, and (ii) the sintered part.

7,(a) Hot injection molding process and (B) SLA process flow chart.

8,(a) Alumina ceramic core: (I) three-dimensional model,(ii) sintered sample. (B) Alumina turbine engine hollow blade ceramic core: (I) three-dimensional model,(ii) sintered sample. SLS-VI preparation of (c) SiO2-based ceramic cores. (d) SEM images of alumina ceramics with different silica contents: (I) 0 wt%,(ii)10 wt%. (iii) Production strategy for silica-reinforced alumina ceramics. (E) Scanning electron microscope images of silica ceramics with different SiB6 content: (I) 0 wt%,(ii)1.0 wt%. (F) (I) Cross-sectional electron backscatter diffraction of ZrSiO4 ceramic iron core, and (ii) schematic diagram of structure and element distribution. (G) (I) Fracture mechanism diagram of heat-injected iron core and (ii)SLA printed iron core.

9,(a) Surface morphology of CaP ceramics prepared by (I) conventional method and (ii)DLP method. (B) Image of sintered CaP ceramics. (c) Porous CaP ceramics with three different structures. (Row 1) Optical image and (Row 2) SEM image. (Line 3) HE staining of muscle after 90 days of CaP ceramic implantation. (D) (I) Macroscopic and (ii) Top views of sintered HAp scaffolds with TPMS structures. (e) Macroscopic and microscopic images of (I) dlp printed HAp scaffolds.

10, (a) SEM images of scaffolds with 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% CCP. (B) SEM images of 0.25 ZG-TCP(2.5 mol% Ga,0.25 mol% Zn) and 0.5 ZG-TCP(2.5 mol% Ga,0.5 mol% Zn) ceramic scaffolds. (c) Scanning electron microscope images of 10 G-MCP(10 mol% Ga) and 12.5 G-MCP(12.5 mol% Ga) ceramic scaffolds. (d) Degradation of CaP and MP bone implants.

11,(a) Image of Fe2O3-doped 3Y-TZP ceramic after sintering. (B) The crown is composed of (I) the same material as the support and (ii) polyacrylate as the support. (c) Images of green bodies and sintered 3Y-TZP. (d) Translucent Li2Si2O5 ceramics for dental restorations. (E) Scanning electron microscope images of (I) dental stent and (ii) cell adhesion on the stent.

Figure 12,(a) Superhydrophobic CNTs/hfs coating evaporator, which can transport water from the center to the top edge. (B) (I) Thermal shock and fatigue test apparatus. (Ii) The temperature distribution along the heating platinum coil and the sample, and the temperature map obtained by the infrared camera. (Iii) The change in temperature over time in two thermal cycles. (C) TPMS heat exchanger (left) and a reduced representative part showing the surface in the basin (right). (D) Thermal insulation simulation of 3Y-TZP ceramics, the lattice number is 3 × 3 × 3, and the porosity is 67%. (e) Thermal insulation simulation of alumina ceramics with various hollow lattice structures.

1. CMC is an important material in advanced applications, and 3D printing has facilitated its development and has the potential to achieve isotropic enhancement. However, the quality of 3D printed CMC is still not ideal, and the process needs to be further optimized.

2. The performance of 3D printed ceramic-based EWA materials has the potential to be further improved, especially the combination of absorbents and PDCs. The importance of microwave dielectric ceramics in the future 6G communication devices has attracted widespread attention, but related research is still relatively scarce and needs further exploration.

3. 3D printed piezoelectric ceramics have reached the level of commercial equipment, but there are still challenges to improve the piezoelectric properties of materials such as barium titanate and PZT. Recent studies have shown that by creating a backhanded negative Poisson's ratio structure, performance can be significantly improved. Future research should focus on using the advantages of 3D printing to explore more potential structures.

4. The above solutions can effectively solve the problem of shrinkage and step effect of three-dimensional printing ceramic core. It is particularly noteworthy that the addition of ZrSiO4 reinforcement material with a unique network structure shows great potential in improving the performance of ceramic cores.

5. 3D printed bone scaffolds have achieved desired levels of porosity, mechanical strength and biocompatibility. Although there is still a gap between bioactivity and market applications, it is expected to be closed soon. In particular, 3D printing makes it possible to combine bone implants with bioactive ions or cells, which has great advantages and potential to be further explored.

6. 3D printing advanced ceramics has made significant progress in restorative and thermal dental applications, but the possibilities of materials and structures need to be further explored. In addition, these materials have broad application prospects in fuel cells, solar energy and other clean energy fields.

7. 4D printing technology opens up new possibilities for innovative applications of advanced ceramics, introducing time as a fourth dimension, allowing ceramics to undergo morphological changes in response to specific stimuli, such as temperature, humidity, light or electromagnetic fields.

8. 4D printing advanced ceramics has become a research hotspot in material science and manufacturing technology because of its intelligent adaptability and broad application prospects. Although it is currently in its infancy, with the advancement of 3D printing technology, people believe that the spring of 4D printing ceramics industry is coming.